A Flexible Detection Blood Glucose Sensor Based on Copper-Doped Molybdenum Disulfide Composites

The development of enzyme-free flexible glucose sensors is essential for advancing diabetes management, improving blood glucose control, and reducing the burden of monitoring. Herein, a simple two-step method was used to synthesize Cu-MoS<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> for glucose electrochemical sensing, which was then assembled onto flexible carbon cloth to form a flexible sensor (signed as Cu-MoS<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub>). The Cu-MoS<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> exhibits a sensitivity of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$364~\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>A/(mM<inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula>cm<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup>) over a wide linear range of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1~\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>M–20 mM. It is reliable, reproducible, and electrochemically stable, with high specificity for glucose. After bending and stretching the Cu-MoS<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub>, its sensing performance was re-evaluated. The results showed that Cu-MoS<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> retained excellent sensitivity, interference resistance, and stability, indicating its potential to meet the real-time blood glucose monitoring requirements of flexible sensors. Density generic function theory (DFT) calculations showed that the introduction of Cu into MoS<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> can enhance the adsorption and activation of glucose molecules, which is conducive to the oxidative dehydrogenation steps of –CHO and –OH in glucose, thereby improving the glucose sensing performance. The preparation method for the flexible sensor proposed in this work provides valuable technical guidance and shows promising potential for the development of flexible blood glucose sensors.