Clinical presentation of synchronous renal cell carcinoma and prostate cancer: A retrospective analysis

Purpose: Synchronous occurrence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and prostate cancer (PC) is uncommon, and only a limited number of studies have been conducted on this topic to date. Hence, we investigated the clinical characteristics and oncological outcomes of patients with these cancers. Materials and methods: Thirty patients with concurrent RCC and PC from the China Medical University Hospital database between 2009 and 2023 were identified. The patients were divided into synchronous (n = 14) and metachronous (n = 16) groups. We compared the individual characteristics and evaluated the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of these patients. Results: In metachronous RCC and PC, 13 patients were diagnosed with RCC with subsequent PC (81.3%), and 3 patients were diagnosed with PC with subsequent RCC (18.7%). There was a higher incidence of high-risk PC ( P = 0.029) and advanced RCC ( P = 0.07) in the synchronous group than in the metachronous group. The OS was shorter in the synchronous group (mean OS: 164 vs. 112.4 months, P = 0.041), whereas PFS was not significantly different between the 2 groups (mean PFS: 124.3 vs 143.5 months, P = 0.484). Conclusion: The incidence of RCC followed by PC was higher than that of PC followed by RCC. Our analysis suggests that synchronous RCC and PC may have poorer prognoses compared to metachronous occurrences of either cancer. The overall median survival could be around 10 years. With advancements in diagnostic tools, more cases are likely to be identified in the future.