Uncovering the subtle relationship between vitamin D and kidney stones: a cross-sectional NHANES-based study

The present study indicates that serum vitamin D level is not an independent predictor of kidney stone risk. Rather, its effect may be co-regulated by multiple confounding factors. Further research is required to elucidate the precise mechanisms through which vitamin D contributes to kidney stone formation and to consider the combined effects of genetic polymorphisms, dose effects, and other factors.