Violence and emotions on X (Twitter): Three cases of violence analyzed (bullfighting, femicide, and political speeches in Colombia)

This research examines the correlation between violence and emotional expression on X (formerly Twitter) in the Colombian context. The investigation employed a mixed-methods approach and digital ethnographic techniques to analyze tweets and responses from three mainstream media accounts regarding controversial topics: the bullfighting prohibition, the femicide of Stefanny Barranco, and President Petro’s constitutional reform proposals. The findings demonstrate significant emotional polarization, characterized by expressions of frustration, indignation, and pessimism. The analysis indicates that symbolic and verbal violence in political discourse intensifies emotional schisms within an already divided society. The study concludes that mitigating these detrimental social media dynamics necessitates collaborative intervention from multiple societal stakeholders to foster constructive dialogue.