Effect of Serum Magnesium Concentration on Insulin Sensitivity Indices in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Introduction: Magnesium (Mg 2+ ) is a trace element and one of the most critical intracellular positive ions affecting carbohydrate metabolism. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is recommended as the widespread metabolic disease related to lack of Mg 2+ . There is proof that Mg 2+ is a prognosticator of diabetes mellitus and insulin action. This investigation was planned to assess the association amongst serum Mg 2 levels and insulin resistance in T2DM-affected individuals. Materials and Methods: In this investigation, 107 patients with T2DM were involved. Fasting plasma glucose, serum Mg 2+ concentration and fasting insulin concentration were measured. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was estimated using the equation: HOMA = (fasting insulin [mU/mL] × fasting glucose [mmol/L])/22.5. A linear regression model was applied to examine the association between serum Mg 2+ and HOMA-IR. Results: Among the participants, 92.5% ( n = 99) of patients were insulin resistant (IR), whereas only 7.5% ( n = 8) were early IR. Among them, 34.6% ( n = 37) had hypomagnesaemia. Significantly higher HOMA-IR level was observed in individuals with serum Mg 2+ in the lower normal range compared to those with Mg 2+ levels in the normal range ( P = 0.005). We also found that a 1 mg/dL decrease in serum Mg 2+ level increased the HOMA-IR by 47.2%. The overall mean HOMA-IR for the study population was 9.94 ± 7.27 across 107 participants. Conclusion: Yet, low serum Mg 2+ is frequently found in T2DM patients and is not measured in our regular clinical exercise. Hence, for proper management of T2DM, estimation of serum Mg 2+ should be included in routine clinical exercise, and additional Mg 2+ should be advised when required.