NADH: A NTRU-Based Adaptive Data Hiding Scheme for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks

To address the issue of data confidentiality and security in underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs), a NTRU-based Adaptive Data Hiding scheme called <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">NADH</small> is proposed. The <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">NADH</small> scheme is novel in two aspects. First, we propose a weighted interpolation approach based on information entropy to enhance both data security and embedding capacity. Second, we propose an adaptive coefficient selection mechanism to monitor environmental changes in real time and adjust the data embedding strategy to maximize embedding capacity. This letter also provides a theoretical analysis of the correctness and security of the NADH scheme, and proves the upper bound of its mean squared error (MSE). Experimental results show that when the embedding capacity of <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">NADH</small> is 2048 bits, the MSE is 0.7495, the average peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is 49.792 dB, and the average structural similarity index (SSIM) is 0.9998, outperforming existing data hiding schemes.