A Dynamic State Estimation-Based Cyberattack Detection Scheme to Supervise Legacy Pilot Protection Operation

The transition of power systems toward digital substations has brought numerous advantages to substation automation. However, this digital transformation exposes substations to various cyberattacks. Thus, ensuring the integrity and availability of power system data has emerged as a critical concern in modern power system networks. A crucial cybersecurity concern is pilot protection, with its security being of utmost importance in bulk power system networks to safeguard against significant disturbances and blackouts, as well as to facilitate fast fault-clearing operations. This paper introduces a dynamic state estimation (DSE) technique to supervise the operation of pilot protection scheme. The proposed scheme accurately estimates transmission line impedance and uses this estimation to supervise the legacy pilot protection scheme. The method employs network physical laws, sampled value measurements, and an Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) technique to enhance the cybersecurity aspects of the pilot protection scheme. Additionally, the cybersecurity of the DSE-based pilot protection supervision scheme is evaluated against cyberattacks such as denial of service (DoS) and false data injection (FDI). The simulation results, validated using the IEEE 9 bus test system, demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method for pilot protection supervision.