Human amnion-derived stem cells and prospects for their use in regenerative medicine

The use of cell therapy methods can significantly improve the prognosis of many diseases. The issue of the source of stem cells used in this process deserves special attention. Current literature shows that human amnion-derived stem cells (hADSCs) are the most advantageous and rational source. These include the so-called human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs), which are in direct contact with the amniotic fluid, and human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs), which are found in the fibroblast layer of the amniotic membrane. The results of many studies demonstrate that hADSCs are able to independently activate the internal mechanisms of tissue regeneration through upregulation of cytokine and exosome secretion, thus providing favorable conditions for the development of cells of a particular tissue. In addition, hADSCs have a high ability to differentiate into various cell types (cardiomyocytes, skin epitheliocytes, hepatocytes, neurons, etc.). This suggests that under the conditions of controlled induction of hADSCs differentiation to the desired phenotype, it will be possible to reach a qualitatively new level of treatment of various diseases requiring replacement of damaged cells. Key words: amniotic membrane, human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells, regenerative medicine, stem cells, human amniotic epithelial cells