Effect of topical cytokine therapy on endometrial receptivity after abortion

Objective. To improve endometrial receptivity after abortion by cytokine therapy. Patients and methods. This prospective study included 248 pregnant patients at 6–8 weeks’ gestation, divided into 6 groups. Group 1 (n = 37, normal pregnancy) and group 2 (n = 42, missed miscarriage) included patients who underwent medical abortion. Groups 3 (n = 31, normal pregnancy) and group 4 (n = 54, missed miscarriage) included patients who underwent vacuum aspiration. In groups 1–4, patients received a 20-day therapy with Superlymph suppositories 25 U at 5–7 days after abortion. Group 5 (n = 40, 50% with normal pregnancy and 50% with missed miscarriage) and group 6 (n = 44, 45.5% with missed miscarriage and 54.5% with normal pregnancy) did not receive Superlymph therapy. Results. In the preovulatory phase of the next cycle, all groups had endometrial thickness within acceptable norms, but the 50th percentile of endometrial thickness in patients in groups 1–4 was significantly higher than in groups 5–6 (p = 0.042). The 50th percentile of endometrial volume in patients in groups 1–4 was significantly higher than in groups 5 and 6 (p = 0.02). The lowest value of endometrial volume was found in group 6. Subendometrial blood flow was detected in 95.73% of patients in groups 1–4 and in 61.9% in groups 5 and 6 (p = 0.025). After Superlymph therapy, the 50th percentile of vascularization index was significantly higher than in groups without therapy (p = 0.044). Conclusion. Prophylactic use of Superlymph suppositories 25 U for 20 days after pregnancy termination improves endometrial receptivity. Key words: endometrial receptivity, abortion, miscarriage, cytokine therapy, Superlymph