An Algorithm for Identifying the Possibilities of Cascading Failure Processes and Their Development Trajectories in Electric Power Systems

Every year, electric power systems (EPSs) experience accidents resulting in static and dynamic instability, as well as power supply disruptions. Accidents evolve along various trajectories and sometimes can exhibit a cascading effect. In this case, the sequential tripping of generating and/or electric network equipment occurs due to overloads or voltage drops at various nodes of the electric network. This leads to significant losses for industrial and commercial consumers, while also escalating social tensions within the population. This study aims to develop an algorithm for revealing the possibility of cascading failure processes in EPSs and their development trajectories. The use of the algorithm in planning and managing power flows in EPSs facilitates the identification of the boundary between the regions of admissible and inadmissible post-contingency power flows. The algorithm also enables the assessment of the impact of various topology solutions and operational measures on the development of cascading failure processes. This paper presents the results of steady-state calculation for the test schemes of an EPS incorporating 25, 36, and 40 nodes with voltage levels of 6, 35, 110, and 500 kV to illustrate the influence of topology and the non-homogeneity of network parameters on the occurrence and development of cascading failure processes. The deployment of distributed generation facilities of different capacities and FACTS devices, alongside the redistribution of power flows in the network by changing the load of power plants with different electricity generation costs, are considered topology and operational measures that enhance the survivability of the EPS. The performance of the developed algorithm was illustrated through an analysis of the process of the development of a real cascading systemic accident that occurred in the EPS. The proposed algorithm, when utilized in planning and managing power flows in an EPS, facilitates the identification of possibilities for the cascading failure processes and their development pathways to subsequently design and implement the operational measures and topological adjustments to prevent them.