Searching for Infectious Foci in Intensive Care Patients: Diagnostic Yield of Computed Tomography and Prognostic Value of Clinical and Laboratory Chemical Parameters

<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Radiological imaging is crucial in intensive care settings, particularly for the differential diagnosis of fever and sepsis. Computed tomography (CT) is the preferred method for detecting infectious foci in critically ill ICU patients. <b>Methods:</b> This study prospectively analyzed non-ECG-gated chest and abdominal CT scans from ICU patients to assess CT's diagnostic utility. Data from prior imaging modalities (CT, radiography, MRI, ultrasound), microbiological assays (blood cultures, bronchoalveolar lavage, urinalysis), and enzymatic profiles (transaminases, pancreatic enzymes) were included. The predictive value of clinical and laboratory parameters was evaluated via correlation analysis. <b>Results:</b> A total of 112 patients were evaluated, with 99 exhibiting 147 inflammatory foci (92 thoracic, 55 abdominal). Definitive diagnoses were made in 58.5% of cases, while 41.5% remained classified as possible. Prior diagnostic procedures identified inflammatory origins in 57.1% of cases. Fewer CT-detected foci were observed in patients with bronchial asthma or type 2 diabetes mellitus (<i>p</i> = 0.049 and <i>p</i> = 0.006). <b>Conclusions:</b> CT imaging plays a central role in identifying infectious foci in ICU patients with unexplained syndromes, particularly in the thoracic region. CT scanning is recommended for sepsis management when other diagnostic evidence is lacking. Conditions such as bronchial asthma or diabetes mellitus may prompt earlier suspicion of infectious foci due to elevated inflammatory markers.