Psychological and Social Factors Associated with Condom Use in MSM

Condom use has been recognized as one of the most effective strategies to prevent HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). However, its inconsistent use in key populations, such as Men who have Sex with Men (MSM), has posed a significant public health challenge. Several studies have indicated that psychological, social and behavioral factors influence the adoption of this protective measure.DevelopmentIt has been identified that HIV risk perception played a crucial role in condom use. Many MSM underestimated their vulnerability, which led them to engage in unprotected sex, especially with casual partners. Also, lack of sexual assertiveness prevented some individuals from negotiating condom use with their partners. In addition, sexual sensation seeking influenced decision making, as certain MSM prioritized immediate arousal over STI prevention.Another determining factor was the use of psychoactive substances, such as alcohol and other recreational drugs, which affected judgment and decision-making in sexual contexts. Chemsex, a practice that combined drug use with sexual activity, was particularly associated with an increased risk of HIV transmission.