Application of Flow-Mediated Dilation in Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a condition characterized by a cluster of risk factors such as obesity, visceral adiposity and abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance (IR), elevated blood pressure, endothelial dysfunction, and acute or chronic inflammation, which are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD).It is marked by a prothrombotic and proinflammatory state, along with increased IR, all of which elevate the risk of CVD.The endothelium, a metabolically active organ, plays a crucial role in this process.Endothelial dysfunction is involved in the progression of atherosclerosis through mechanisms such as inflammation, oxidative stress, smooth cell proliferation, platelet activation, and clot formation, ultimately leading to complications of arteriosclerosis.Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) is a noninvasive method used to assess vascular endothelial function.In this review, we aim to provide an overview of the application of FMD in MetS.