Multi-Objective Optimization of Residential Block Space Morphology in Xingtai City Under Energy-Saving Orientation

Studies have shown that the morphology of residential blocks has a significant impact on the buildings’ energy use intensity (EUI), solar energy utilization potential (SEUP), and average sunlight hours (ASH). This paper utilizes the Rhino and Grasshopper platforms, employing the Wallacei multi-objective optimization algorithm, to study the relationship between the morphology of residential blocks in Xingtai City, EUI, SEUP, and ASH. First, 108 residential blocks in Xingtai City were surveyed, based on varying design criteria, they were classified into three categories: multi-story, high-rise Type I, and high-rise Type II. Next, after integrating microclimatic factors, the Wallacei multi-objective optimization algorithm was employed to optimize three objectives: EUI, SEUP, and ASH. Finally, the simulation results were subjected to a quantitative analysis using statistical methods, such as K-means clustering. The spatial morphology of residential blocks had a maximum impact of 11.69% on EUI, 39.8% on SEUP, and 36.85% on ASH. Therefore, energy saving can be achieved by controlling the building density, average number of floors, building shape factor and other morphological indicators of residential blocks.