Cardiogenic Shock in the Canadian Landscape: Key Concepts for the Practicing Clinician

Cardiogenic shock (CS) is generally defined as a state of end-organ hypoperfusion secondary to an inability of the heart to deliver sufficient oxygenated blood to the tissues. Although CS is often initiated by an event that specifically affects the cardiovascular system, without prompt intervention, it can lead to a cascade of insults on other organ systems that result in additional morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in temporary mechanical circulatory support (MCS) technology over the past 2 decades, studies have consistently reported a 30% to 50% mortality rate for patients with CS at 6 to 12 months, though this rate may exceed 70% depending on the severity of the shock and individual patient factors. This review will provide an overview of key concepts in CS including current definitions, hemodynamic assessment, shock state classifications, and prognostication.