Effect of Artificial Light Sources on DNA Damage in Human Mononuclear Lymphocyte Cells Under In Vitro Conditions

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of commonly used artificial light sources on DNA damage and oxidative stress parameters in human mononuclear lymphocyte cells. The potential effects of different lighting sources on cellular DNA integrity and oxidative stress levels were comprehensively evaluated. Methods: Isolated human mononuclear lymphocyte cells were exposed to artificial light sources at varying intensities and durations. DNA damage was analyzed using the alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) method. The oxidative status of the cells was assessed using Erel’s method. Results: The highest DNA damage was observed with white and yellow compact fluorescent lamps, whereas the least damage occurred with yellow incandescent light sources. Additionally, 100-watt fluorescent lamps caused the most DNA damage, while the least damage was detected with 20-watt lamps. Oxidative stress index levels significantly increased with prolonged exposure. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that artificial light sources can induce DNA damage by increasing both direct and oxidative stress. Different light types and exposure durations significantly affect cellular genotoxicity and oxidative stress levels. These results provide an important insight into the potential biological risks associated with artificial lighting.