Leadership impact on innovation: A sequential mediation of trust and safety

This comparative study emphasizes the global importance of ethical leadership for trust, safety behavior, and innovation while highlighting cultural differences between Pakistan and China. In China, the influence of ethical leadership is more pronounced due to its organized administration. Still, in Pakistan, the collectivist and hierarchical society enhances the mediating effects of trust and safety behaviors. These findings are significant for healthcare firms to tailor ethical leadership to many cultures, enhancing trust, compliance, and innovation globally.