New developments in the nanocarrier-based drug delivery system for the treatment of breast cancer

Worldwide, breast cancer remains the leading cause of disease and mortality for women. Because of its aggressive nature and resistance to conventional medicines, triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is very challenging to treat. Through focused tactics, recent advancements in nanocarrier technology have demonstrated promise in improving medication delivery, optimizing bioavailability, and raising drug concentrations at tumor locations. Nanoparticles have become a very useful tool for studying the imaging, diagnosis, and targeting of breast cancer. Their advanced physicochemical properties contribute to prolonged circulation in the bloodstream, as well as more efficient targeting of tumor cells. The accuracy with which nanoparticles can target tumors is improved by both passive targeting which takes advantage of characteristics like leaky vasculature, the tumor microenvironment, or direct application and active targeting which makes use of receptor-specific antibodies. By enhancing their ability to target cancer cells, nanoparticles provide an advantage over conventional medication formulations in that they can lessen the cytotoxic effects of anticancer drugs. Numerous formulations based on nanoparticles exist at different phases of preclinical and clinical development; the most extensively investigated include polymeric drug micelles, liposomes, dendrimers, carbon nanotubes, and nanorods. Polymeric nanoparticles and liposomes have been the most popular drug delivery vehicles for cancer therapy during the last ten years. Ongoing studies have, however, shown a number of these carriers' drawbacks. Consequently, there has been interest in hybrid nanoparticles, which combine the advantages of liposomes with polymeric nanoparticles. An overview of the most recent developments in the field of drug delivery using polymeric nanoparticles is given in this study. It also stresses the need of early identification in enhancing patient outcomes and the potential of nanocarriers to transform BC treatment.