Characteristics of Plant Communities Distribution in the Estuarine Wetlands along the East and South Coasts of Korea

This study was conducted to investigate the distribution patterns and ecological characteristics of plant communities in estuarine wetland in South Korea. A total of 288 estuarine wetlands were surveyed, revealing that vegetated areas accounted for 38.3 km2, while non-vegetated areas, predominantly water bodies (133.2 km2), covered 143.8 km2. The high proportion of water areas in estuarine wetlands (approximately 70%) contrasts with the 50.8% recorded in inland wetlands, reflecting the challenging conditions for plant establishment due to the continuous mixing of fresh and saline waters. A total of 167 plant communities were identified, with reed (Phragmites australis) communities occupying the largest area (26.0 km2). The analysis of habitat preferences revealed that the majority of the plant communities were categorized as obligate wetland plants (47 species) and facultative wetland plants (12 species), with halophytes playing a significant role in maintaining biodiversity in these ecosystems. Comparative analysis between the East and South coasts showed significant differences in the distribution of wetland and halophytic plant communities, suggesting that the distinct geomorphological and ecological conditions of each region strongly influence plant community structures. These research results will provide a scientific basis for the conservation and management of estuarine wetland ecosystems.