Physical activity and socio-demographic characteristics of the unemployed in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine

Under the conditions of martial law in Ukraine, unemployment has become a significant socio-economic problem affecting the quality of life of the population. Research results indicate a positive correlation between the level of physical activity and quality of life. This study analyzes the level of physical activity and socio-demographic characteristics of working-age individuals who have lost their jobs. It was found that the majority of respondents were women (83.8%), indicating the significant impact of the war on the female population. Over half of the unemployed (53.3%) had higher education and lived in large cities (52.3%), reflecting a high level of education among the unemployed and the urbanization of unemployment. Additionally, 52.3% were married, which may indicate additional social and economic challenges for the families of the unemployed. Only 22.8% of respondents were completely satisfied with their physical health. A higher percentage of health problems were reported by men (65.6%) compared to women (48.5%). The average body mass index (BMI) values for women were within the acceptable range, while men had a BMI indicating overweight. Most unemployed women (80%) and men (68.8%) had a high level of physical activity, which is a positive indicator for their health and well-being. However, 68% of respondents did not engage in sports. The number of respondents who engaged in sports decreased with age after 46 years. Overall, socio-demographic factors such as age, gender, marital status, education, place of residence, and living conditions are not significant predictors of adherence to WHO recommendations for adequate leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) (p > 0.05). The results highlight the need to develop programs to increase physical activity to improve the quality of life. A physically active lifestyle prolongs improvements in physical and mental health, which will help determine the direction of state policy aimed at stimulating physical activity among the working-age population that has experienced life upheavals.