Synthesis and Characterization of Hydrochar by Hydrothermal Carbonization of Pineapple Crown Waste

Hydrochar, produced through the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of biomass, presents a sustainable alternative to conventional carbon-based environmental sorbents. In this study, pineapple crown waste, an often-discarded agricultural byproduct, was used as the feedstock for hydrochar synthesis via HTC. The process was optimized at 200℃ for 15 hours to enhance carbonization efficiency and improve the hydrochar’s surface characteristics. Structural, morphological, and functional group analyses were performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV-visible spectroscopy. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of O-H, C-H, C=O, and C=C functional groups in the hydrochar. SEM analysis showed that the hydrochar had sheet-like structures. UV-vis spectroscopy further confirmed the presence of C=C and C=O bonds, highlighting their significant role in the material's functionality. Overall, the hydrochar demonstrated favorable porosity and surface functionalization, supporting its potential for further application.