Exploring the therapeutic potential of Long pepper (Piper longum) in stress management and ulcer prevention in zebrafish

Long pepper (Piper longum), traditionally recognized for its medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, and digestive aid effects, also valued in Ayurvedic practices for antiulcer benefits. Methanol extraction was used to obtain a purified crude extract, which was then assessed for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Ulcers were induced in zebrafish using dextran sodium sulfate over a 7-day period, followed by a 7-day treatment phase with fish feed mixed with P. longum extract. On the 21st day, zebrafish were analyzed through specific biochemical assays, including total protein concentration, lipid peroxidation, lactate dehydrogenase, and glutathione peroxidase to assess antioxidant and inflammatory markers, along with histological examination of intestinal tissue. Histological analysis revealed a reduction in ulcer size and number in the treatment group, with signs of healing including epithelial regeneration, decreased inflammatory cell infiltration, and tissue remodeling, contributing to the restoration of normal mucosal structure. Overall, these findings suggest that P. longum offers potential therapeutic effects against gastric ulcers and holds promise for managing stress, supporting its traditional uses as a natural therapeutic agent.