Evaluating the Agronomic and Environmental Benefits of Grazing Cover Crops

This research aims to evaluate the agronomic and environmental effects of grazing cover crops using sheep and beef cattle in a cash crop rotation typical of Ontario. Previous studies have shown that cover crops improve soil health by increasing carbon content, soil aggregation, and nutrient availability, enhancing nutrient cycling and reducing pesticide use. Grazing cover crops could extend the grazing season for livestock farmers, offering a cost-effective feed source, and potentially increasing profitability. However, research of grazing cover crops in Ontario is limited. This study will focus on two main objectives: 1) assessing the impact of grazing cover crops on subsequent corn crop yield and soil health, and 2) completing an economic analysis comparing annual forage grazing to existing methods of feeding beef cattle and sheep in the fall. This research will involve seven farm cooperators, three sheep farms and four beef cattle farms, located in various areas north of Guelph, Ontario. Participating cooperators will plant a 70% oat and 30% pea cover crop mix after wheat harvest. Research plots will compare grazed and ungrazed areas, with soil health parameters such as compaction, respiration, and aggregate stability assessed before and after grazing, and again the following spring. Biomass and forage quality of the cover crop will be measured, and grazing data, such as number of animals and grazing dates, will be recorded. The following spring, corn will be planted, and yield measured to determine the impact of grazing on crop performance.