Porous Organic Framework Membranes with Nanostructures for Osmotic Power Conversion, Water Desalination, and Selective Separation

Nanostructured porous organic framework (POF) membranes have gained recognition as leading contenders for osmotic‐related applications due to their exceptional selectivity and permeability. Recent years have witnessed significant progress in the fabrication of nanostructured POF membranes, such as metal–organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, and hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks. These nanostructured membranes exhibit pore sizes on the angstrom scale, which is commensurate with the kinetic diameters of ions and small molecules. They also possess low thicknesses—down to mere nanometers—and offer tunable structures and functional groups that further optimize both selectivity and permeability. In this review, recent advancements in the fabrication methods of advanced nanostructured POF membranes are summarized. In addition, we will highlight and discuss in detail emerging osmotic applications of these nanostructured porous organic membranes, including osmotic power conversion, water desalination, and selective separation. Finally, future development and challenges of nanostructured porous organic membranes are also summarized.