Sustainable energy production on Mars: Energy analyses of organic Rankine and Brayton cycle

Abstract This study presents a novel comparative analysis of the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) and Brayton cycle (BC) tailored for sustainable energy production on Mars, an environment with unique atmospheric and resource constraints. Unlike conventional studies, this research adapts these cycles to Martian conditions, focusing on three working fluids: helium, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) for the BC, and R600, R245fa, and R600a for the ORC. By evaluating thermodynamic performance, resource utilization, and logistical feasibility, this work identifies optimal fluid–cycle combinations to address Mars' energy needs, enabling reliable and efficient energy systems for long‐term human settlement. The novelty lies in incorporating Martian‐specific conditions, such as the planet's low atmospheric pressure and extreme temperatures, into the thermodynamic modeling of these cycles. The study also highlights the innovative use of locally available CO 2 to minimize reliance on transported resources, offering a sustainable solution for extraterrestrial energy production. These findings provide critical insights for the design and optimization of energy systems that can withstand Mars' harsh environment. This research benefits the scientific community by advancing knowledge on energy production in extraterrestrial environments and offering a framework for designing efficient, resource‐optimized power systems for space exploration. The proposed solutions have potential applications in future Mars missions and long‐term colonization strategies, serving as a blueprint for sustainable energy management in other planetary settings. Moreover, the adaptability of the ORC and BC for Martian use opens avenues for innovation in extreme‐environment engineering and renewable energy technologies.