Translation process in the biological and biomechanical context: Resources, methods and trends (2013–2023)

Over the past decade, translation process research has undergone significant evolution, driven by advancements in cognitive science related to the neural mechanisms underlying language processing in biological systems, technology with applications in biological research translations, and data-driven methodologies considering the unique characteristics of biological data. Recently, there has been an emerging connection between this translation process research and biomechanics. For instance, the cognitive strategies in translation, such as chunking and bilingual control, which are influenced by the brain’s biological architecture involved in language processing, may also be related to the body’s mechanical responses. The neural pathways responsible for these translation strategies could potentially interact with the body’s mechanical systems. In terms of technological tools, neural machine translation (NMT) and computer-assisted translation (CAT) systems, which play a crucial role. in biological translating research papers, could be further optimized by considering biomechanical factors. For example, understanding how the body’s physical movements during long-term translation tasks (like sitting posture and muscle fatigue) affect cognitive performance and translation accuracy. Data resources, including parallel corpora and community-driven initiatives, have become foundational to supporting both high- and low-resource languages. However, integrating these with biomechanical considerations, such as how data collection and use impact the physical well-being of translators, adds a new layer of complexity. Challenges persist in integrating diverse tools, addressing cultural and contextual subtleties, and developing comprehensive evaluation metrics that capture creativity and cultural fidelity. Ethical considerations, such as data privacy and representation of marginalized languages, underscore the need for inclusive and responsible practices. Future research directions focus on context-aware technologies, cross-cultural studies, and hybrid human-machine workflows while also incorporating biomechanical insights to enhance translation quality and cultural sensitivity. By integrating interdisciplinary approaches, including biomechanics, translation process research aims to bridge linguistic divides and foster global understanding.