Technical analysis and simulation of dance movements based on biomechanical theory

Dance movements are a form of expressive physical activity that communicates emotions, stories, and cultural significance through the rhythmic motions of the body. Viewed through the lens of biomechanical theory, it offers a unique understanding of the body’s physical actions and interactions in space. Biomechanics, the science of movement explains the mechanical principles of human motion, including forces, motion, and body structure. It aims to analyze the biomechanical principles underlying various dance movements, including forefoot (FT) landing, entire foot (ET) landing, single-leg landing, bounce, rock step, and side chassé step. A total of 42 dancers performed these movements in the jive and cha-cha, synchronized with corresponding music. Data were collected using a Vicon motion capture system and pressure sensors, which were uploaded into the OpenSim simulation model to create musculoskeletal models. Statistical Parameter Mapping (SPM) analysis was used to assess biomechanical differences across various dance movements. Depending on the data distribution, ANOVA, multiple regression analysis, and paired t-tests were employed to examine muscle forces involved in the different dance movements. The biomechanical analysis revealed that FT landing increased ankle inversion and instability, while ET landing provided greater stability. Single-leg landing generated higher forces, while the bounce movement was energy-efficient with increased plantarflexion. It may also increase the risk of injury due to higher forces. With careful technique to avoid overloading and injury, these findings may be used in dance training by implementing controlled ET landings for stability and balance, as well as single-leg landings to increase force absorption and build lower limb muscles. The side chasse step and rock step required greater lateral stability, with higher muscle activation in the hip and ankle joints. In conclusion, the biomechanical analysis highlights significant differences in muscle activation, joint angles, and stability across the dance movements.