Mini mental state examination (MMSE) as a predictor of cognitive recovery in acute stroke

Introduction. Acute cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, often resulting in long-term disability and cognitive impairments. Acute ischemic stroke leads to a sudden loss of blood circulation to an area of the brain, causing neurological dysfunction. Cognitive deficits post-stroke significantly impact the patient’s quality of life and ability to perform daily activities. The mini mental state examination (MMSE) is a widely used tool to screen for cognitive impairments and monitor changes in cognitive function, assessing domains such as orientation, attention, and language. Given the prevalence of cognitive deficits following CVA, there is a need for reliable tools like the MMSE to assess and monitor cognitive function in stroke patients. Materials and methods. This study employed a prospective longitudinal design with 75 patients presenting with acute ischemic CVA, selected using a non-probability convenience sampling technique. Cognitive function was assessed using the MMSE at baseline and during subsequent visits. Descriptive statistics summarized demographic and clinical characteristics, while repeated measures ANOVA evaluated changes in MMSE scores over time. Multivariable regression models explored the predictive value of baseline MMSE scores for long-term cognitive outcomes. Results. MMSE scores significantly improved from baseline to 1 month (p = 0.046) and 3 months (p = 0.003). Baseline MMSE scores had a moderate negative correlation with stroke severity (r = -0.45, p < 0.001). Regression analysis indicated that higher baseline MMSE scores (β = 0.30, p = 0.011), younger age (β = -0.25, p = 0.025), and lower stroke severity (β = -0.35, p = 0.003) predicted better long-term cognitive outcomes. Logistic regression revealed that higher baseline stroke severity (OR = 1.25, p = 0.002) and older age (OR = 1.10, p = 0.013) were associated with significant cognitive decline. Conclusion. The MMSE is a valuable tool for monitoring cognitive changes over time in acute CVA patients. Early MMSE assessments can guide rehabilitation strategies and enhance prognostic evaluations in stroke care.