Study of the effect of Saponaria officinalis herb extract on histological changes in the marginal vein of the ear under conditions of experimental thrombophlebitis

Thrombophlebitis is recognized as one of the most common complications of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). Its course is characterized by inflammation of the venous wall and the formation of blood clots in the lower extremities of varicose veins. Thrombophlebitis is diagnosed according to various data in 5-60 % of patients with CVI. The number of drugs with a phleboprotective effect and the ability to reduce the processes of thrombus formation in veins on the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine and the world is extremely limited. As a promising object, as a new phleboprotective drug, medicinal plant raw materials can be considered, namely the extract of the herb Saponaria officinalis, for which venotonic and antiexudative effects have been established in previous studies. The aim of this work was to study the effect of Saponaria officinalis herb extract on changes in the histological parameters of the ear vein in rabbits under conditions of experimental thrombophlebitis. Experimental thrombophlebitis was modeled on rabbits according to the standard method with applying a ligature to the marginal vein of the animal's ear and injecting Lugol's solution. Histological changes after phytocomposition administration (ETML) (20 mg/kg intragastrically) were compared with the effectiveness of the reference drug Eskuvit (7.2 mg/kg for escin intragastrically). It was established that the therapeutic and prophylactic administration of ETML at a dose of 20 mg/kg significantly prevented thrombus formation in the marginal ear vein of rabbits, contributing to the softening of the thrombus material, thrombolysis, preventing the acquisition of an obliterating character for thrombotic masses. in all rabbits of the group. probably reduces the clinical indicators of transudative edema, which developed as a result of acute venostasis. ETML prevented the destruction of the vascular wall, reduced or eliminated degenerative changes and inflammatory reaction in the surrounding tissues. Significant advantages of ETML over the comparison drug Eskuvit have been established. Under the conditions of experimental thrombophlebitis, the therapeutic and prophylactic administration of ETML at a dose of 20 mg/kg has a powerful phleboprotective effect, reduces the processes of thrombus formation in the vein. The effect of ETML is statistically significantly higher than the effectiveness of the comparison drug Eskuvit.