Studies of changes in rat hepatocytes under conditions of central blockade of luteinizing hormone synthesis with the additional quercetin

The nucleus, exchanging information with the cytoplasm of the hepatocyte, controls and coordinates all cell activity: division, growth, intermediate metabolism, protein synthesis and its differentiation. During the cell life cycle the nucleus remains in interphase. The large variation in the size of hepatocyte nuclei is explained by the fact that during postnatal growth, some hepatocytes undergo cytogenetic transformations characterized by gradual polyploidy. Polyploidy, or amplification of the entire genome, refers to cells/organisms containing more than 2 main chromosome sets. The aim of this study is to determine the morphogenesis and dynamics of variability of subtypes of rat hepatocytes, binucleate and with two nucleoli, under conditions of central blockade of luteinizing hormone synthesis with long-term action of triptorelin, with the addition of quercetin to the animal diet. The experiment was conducted on 60 sexually mature white male rats weighing 140-160 g. The animals were divided into 3 groups: group 1 – control, saline solution was administered (10 animals); group 2 was subcutaneously administered triptorelin embonate solution at a dose of 0.3 mg of active ingredient per kg of body weight for 12 months (25 animals); group 3 was administered triptorelin solution at a rate of 0.3 mg of active ingredient per kg of body weight with the addition of quercetin in terms of animal body weight three times a week (25 animals). The animals were removed from the experiment after 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months by an overdose of ether anesthesia. A comprehensive study of histological preparations of the liver and quantitative counting of hepatocytes with two nucleoli and binucleate were performed using a light microscope with a digital microfilter and software adapted for these studies. Statistical processing of the study results was performed using Microsoft Office Excel software and the Real Statistics 2019 extension. Pathological processes that occur in liver tissue during experimental oxidative-nitrosative stress caused by the administration of triptorelin lead to both quantitative and qualitative changes. Thus, the number of hepatocytes with two nucleoli significantly increased in group 2 and at the 12th month of observation was 5.291±1.156 cells per field of view at p<0.05. The number of binucleated hepatocytes also tended to change with maxima at the 12th month of observation. Thus, in group 2 at the 9th month, the number of binucleated hepatocytes was 7.012±0.527 cells per field of view at p<0.05, and with the addition of quercetin only 5.311±1.561 cells per field of view at p<0.05. An increased number of mitoses was detected in group 2 at the 6th month of observation, in group 3 it was determined only at the 9th. The study showed that the administration of triptorelin causes oxidative-nitrosative stress, which leads to pathological changes in hepatocytes in the form of quantitative changes in cells with two nucleoli and binucleate cells. Additional administration of quercetin reduces the negative effect on liver hepatocytes, which is confirmed by the indicators in the experimental groups of animals.