Significance of gyrotactic and oxytactic microorganisms in chemical reactive flow of trihybrid nanofluid using classical and modified hamilton-crosser model

This study examines the heat generation effects on chemical radiative flow of a trihybrid nanofluid across a Riga plate in the occurrence of oxytactic and gyrotactic microorganisms using modified and classical Hamilton-Crosser models. It incorporates both thermophoresis and electrophoresis into the concentration equation. Wastewater treatment is significantly impacted by the investigation of gyrotactic and oxytactic bacteria in the chemically reactive flow of trihybrid nanofluids. By actively reacting to oxygen levels and chemical gradients, these bacteria support microbially driven purification processes and play a critical role in biodegradation and pollution removal. Trihybrid nanofluids speed up sedimentation and pollutant breakdown by further enhancing thermal and mass transport characteristics. This study offers insights into maximizing bioreactor efficiency by utilizing the modified Hamilton-Crosser model, which will result in wastewater treatment systems that are more effective and sustainable. Extremely nonlinear, complicated, and associated PDEs are generated and transformed into ODEs with the help of a suitable transformation. Bvp4c is a shooting approach used to numerically resolve the converted ODEs. The findings imply that the modified model can reasonably forecast higher heat transmission rates in comparison to the classical model. The results enhance our knowledge of the characteristics of trihybrid nanofluid heat transfer and increase the accuracy of models for thermal conductivity. The concentration profile is enhanced as the electrophoretic parameter is increased for both modified Hamilton-Crosser and classical models.