A familial modeling framework for advancing precision medicine for children with neuropsychiatric disorders

Using parent traits provides a more individualized estimate of expected child cognitive, behavioral, and neuroanatomical outcomes. Understanding how parent traits influence neuroanatomical outcomes helps to further a mechanistic understanding of the impact of Ras/MAPK on neurodevelopmental outcomes. Further refinement of predictive modeling to estimate individualized child outcomes will advance a precision medicine approach to treating Noonan syndrome, other neurogenetic syndromes, and neuropsychiatric disorders more broadly.