An overview of biological control of plant disease in Afghanistan

• Biological control of plant diseases is an emerging strategy in Afghanistan . • The use of biological control agents, such as Trichoderma species and viral biopesticides, has recently been introduced in the country. • Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma harzianum have shown great potential for improving plant disease management in Afghanistan. • Biological control offers a promising and environmentally sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides for managing plant diseases. • These methods provide innovative solutions to the unique agricultural challenges faced by Afghan farmers. In Afghanistan, there exists an urgent necessity for efficacious, environmentally sustainable plant disease management strategies, as chemical pesticides and conventional methods have long been prevalent in the country. Biological control utilizing agents such as Trichoderma species and viral biopesticides is emerging as a promising alternative. Agriculture, a primary source of income in rural areas, would benefit substantially from the adoption of sustainable methods. Recent initiatives, including the National Horticulture and Livestock Project (NHLP), have established laboratories and production facilities to promote the utilization of biocontrol agents. These agents offer a more benign alternative to chemical pesticides, mitigating health risks. However, challenges persist in the large-scale production, storage, and distribution of biocontrol agents. To ensure the successful integration of biological control, collaboration among researchers, extension agencies, and agriculturalists is essential. Ongoing research, infrastructure enhancements, and education are crucial for overcoming these challenges and fostering the widespread adoption of biological control techniques. By addressing these barriers, Afghanistan can progress towards more sustainable agricultural practices, employing biological control as a responsible method for managing plant diseases.