Unveiling the Silent Mass: Central Ossifying Fibroma of the Maxilla in an Edentulous Patient - A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Introduction. Ossifying fibroma is a rare, benign fibro-osseous lesion that primarily affects the mandible, with uncommon maxillary involvement. Diagnosing central ossifying fibroma (COF) in edentulous patients presents challenges due to the absence of dental-related symptoms. Herein, we present a rare case of COF in the maxilla of an edentulous patient, highlighting the diagnostic challenges, radiographic features, and surgical management. Case Report. A 35-year-old female presented with a painless swelling in the right posterior maxilla, progressively enlarging over six months. Clinical examination revealed a bony-hard, non-tender lesion with well-defined margins. Radiographic evaluation showed a well-circumscribed, mixed-density lesion with a sclerotic border, suggesting COF. Histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis, revealing bony trabeculae within a cellular fibrous stroma. The lesion was surgically excised, and the patient recovered uneventfully. Conclusion. This case highlights the importance of considering COF in maxillary swellings of edentulous patients, where delayed diagnosis is common. Advanced imaging and histopathology are crucial for accurate identification, and complete surgical excision ensures optimal outcomes.