Optimizing energy management in fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles using fuzzy logic control with state machine approach: Enhancing SOC stability and fuel economy

Energy management in fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles (FCHEVs) is essential for optimizing the performance of multiple energy sources and ensuring the economic viability of vehicles. Among various approaches, fuzzy logic control (FLC) is widely recognized for its exceptional real-time management capabilities, robustness, and adaptability. To further enhance battery state of charge (SOC) stability and fuel efficiency, this study introduces an optimization strategy utilizing a FLC with state machine approach. The co-simulation results, employing AVL-Cruise for vehicle modeling and Matlab/Simulink for energy management strategy (EMS) modeling, confirm that the FLC-optimized strategy significantly stabilizes SOC fluctuations compared to the power-following control (PFC) and traditional FLC strategies. Under the China Light-duty Vehicle Test Cycle for Passenger Car (CLTC-P), it reduces hydrogen consumption by 4.41 % and 2.81 % relative to PFC and traditional FLC strategies, respectively, while under the World Light Vehicle Test Cycle (WLTC), the reductions are 9.81 % and 1.33 %. Consequently, the proposed FLC-optimized strategy effectively stabilizes the SOC of the battery while improving fuel economy.