How does OTC drugs consumption relate to prescribed drugs and health care consultations in Europe?

Self-medication is prevalent in European countries, where health systems are committed to providing universal and equitable access to medicines and health services. This study aims to explore the relationship between the use of over-the-counter (OTC) and prescribed drugs, as well as between OTC drug use and healthcare service utilization. Data from the European Health Interview Survey, wave 2019, were analyzed using logistic regressions on a sample of employed individuals from 26 countries. The main findings point to complementary and triangular relationships between the consumption of over-the-counter and prescribed drugs, and the use of health care consultations. Additionally, it was confirmed that the consumption of over-the-counter drugs is more likely when people are absent from work for health reasons. Finally, the study recommends fostering collaboration between pharmacists and healthcare providers to create comprehensive medication profiles for patients.