Effects of Lyophilized Leech Saliva Extract on Cell Migration and Apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer and HUVEC Cell Lines

Breast cancer, a leading global cause of female mortality, necessitates innovative treatment strategies to alleviate the drawbacks associated with conventional therapies.This study explores the potential of Lyophilized Leech Saliva Extract (LLSE) in addressing this need.The impact of LLSE on the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and HUVECs lines was investigated.This research aims to systematically evaluate LLSE's effects on critical cellular processes, including cell migration, apoptosis, necrosis, and viability.Our findings reveal nuanced responses, with LLSE exerting anti-proliferative effects on cancerous MDA-MB-231 cells and a pro-proliferative influence on healthy HUVECs.The study also scrutinises gene expression dynamics, uncovering intricate patterns involving key regulators: EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor), FGF (Fibroblast Growth Factor), and VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor).In summary, this research contributes insights into medicinal leech therapy's potential in cancer treatment.With breast cancer treatment's evolving landscape, exploring alternative, less debilitating options becomes crucial.This study addresses this imperative, providing a foundation for future investigations into the rich bioactive compounds in leech saliva.