Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Aeromonas: Insights from aquatic ecosystems to public health impacts

Aeromonas species, widely distributed in aquatic environments, have become significant pathogens due to their adaptability and increasing antibiotic resistance, posing risks to environmental and human health. These Gram-negative bacteria exhibit complex resistance mechanisms and virulence factors, contributing to aquatic animal and human infections, thereby raising concerns in aquaculture and public health. This review comprehensively analyses antibiotic susceptibility patterns in Aeromonas, examining how environmental conditions influence resistance and pathogenicity. The article explores recent advancements in molecular diagnostics, including CRISPR-based detection, biosensors, and lab-on-a-chip technologies, highlighting their precision and efficiency over traditional methods. Moreover, next-generation antimicrobial strategies, such as antimicrobial peptides, nanomaterials, and phage therapy, are explored as potential alternatives to conventional antibiotics. The article also discusses genomic surveillance and artificial intelligence-driven resistance tracking as novel tools for monitoring and predicting outbreaks, which promise to transform public health responses to Aeromonas infections. To mitigate the spread of antibiotic-resistant Aeromonas, this review proposes evidence-based policy recommendations for managing resistance in water systems, including aquaculture. Moreover, the integration of interdisciplinary strategies, innovative diagnostics, and advanced antimicrobial approaches is expected to strengthen public health responses and environmental protection efforts.