Resolution-enhanced real-time Jones matrix measuring via Kramers-Kronig relations

Off-axis holography is widely employed for dynamic Jones matrix measurements; however, the spatial bandwidth of the retrievable object is restricted due to the partitioning of the spectral plane. In this study, we introduce a resolution enhancement method for single-shot Jones matrix measurements based on the Kramers-Kronig relations. Analytic functions, derived directly from a single intensity measurement, are employed to eliminate the autocorrelation spectrum in the off-axis interferogram, thereby enhancing the space-bandwidth product by a factor of 2.12 compared to the conventional Fourier analysis method. The effectiveness of this approach is validated through optical experiments on both static anisotropic samples and transient phenomena in complex media, demonstrating significant improvements in resolution and dynamic measurement capabilities.