Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase Genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates from Urine and Sputum Samples in Nasarawa State, Nigeria: A Phenotypic and Genotypic Study

The rise of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Klebsiella pneumoniae presents a considerable challenge to healthcare systems globally, including those in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. This study aimed at determine the phenotypic and genotypic detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase genes in K. pneumoniae isolates from urine and sputum specimen in Nasarawa state. Out of the twenty eight (28) Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates subjected for ESBL production using Double Dics Synergy Test and were confirmed by combine Disc Method, 12 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were ESBL producers. Genomic DNA from ESBL producing K. pneumoniae isolates were extracted and amplified using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with universal primer for 16srRNA while specific primers of blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV were used. Molecular analysis identified blaCTX-M and blaSHV as the predominant ESBL gene, detected in all 12(100%) ESBL producing isolates followed by blaTEM 9(75.0%). This study underscores the urgent need for enhanced surveillance and infection control measures to curb the spread of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Nasarawa State. Furthermore, efforts to optimize antibiotic stewardship programs and promote rational antimicrobial use are essential to preserve the efficacy of existing antibiotics.