Assessing the impact of the A-Trainer exercise machine on cardiovascular health and muscle activation: A mixed-methods study

• This mixed-method observational assessment investigates a new exercise and rehabilitation machine designed to integrate aerobic and anaerobic exercises, particularly suited for individuals with lower limb difficulties. • Muscle activation assessment using surface electromyography (sEMG) data showed notable differences in muscle engagement before and after the workout, highlighting the machine's impact on upper body activation. • Wearable heart monitors recorded significant calorie expenditure, supporting the machine's potential as a high-intensity, low-impact cardiovascular workout accessible to users of all ages. Recent advancements in fitness technology have introduced innovative equipment like the A-Trainer, which integrates aerobic and anaerobic exercises for targeted muscle or whole-body engagement. This development holds significant potential for delivering impactful, low-impact, high-intensity workouts, enhancing rehabilitation and overall well-being. The objective of this mixed-method observational study was to evaluate the impact of this novel exercise machine on muscle activation and cardiovascular effects, as well as to understand user perspectives through interviews. Surface electromyography (sEMG) sensors were used to monitor specific upper body muscles, while a physical activity wearable tracker measured heart rate activity. Semi-structured interviews provided insights into participants' experiences with the exercise machine. Fifteen adults participated in this study. Results indicated a significant difference in sEMG muscle activity between the isometric pre-workout and post-A-Trainer workout strength assessments across all muscle groups, suggesting a substantial enhancement in muscular engagement. The wearable tracker also reported considerable calorie burn during short exercise sessions. However, this study focused on a single intensity and resistance level, which limits generalisability. Interviews highlighted the A-Trainer's effectiveness for cardiovascular training and accessibility for all ages.Future research should investigate the A-Trainer's effectiveness across varying intensities and resistance levels to achieve a comprehensive understanding of its benefits.