Influence of Bruxism and Parafunctional Habits on TMD – How Parafunctional Activities Contribute to Joint Dysfunction

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are multifactorial in etiology, with parafunctional habits such as bruxism significantly implicated in their development and exacerbation. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Sadar Hospital, Hajipur, involving 100 participants, to investigate the correlation between parafunctional habits and TMD. Participants underwent clinical examinations to diagnose TMD based on the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) and completed questionnaires detailing their parafunctional habits. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests and logistic regression. Results: Sixty percent of participants with TMD reported parafunctional habits, with bruxism being the most prevalent (45%). The odds of developing TMD were 2.5 times higher in participants with any parafunctional habit compared to those without. Specifically, participants with awake bruxism exhibited the most severe symptoms and the highest correlation with TMD severity. Conclusion: The study highlights a significant association between parafunctional habits, particularly awake bruxism, and the prevalence and severity of TMD. The findings advocate for the early identification and management of such habits to prevent the onset or worsening of TMD, suggesting that dental care providers integrate routine assessments and tailored interventions in their clinical practice. Keywords: Bruxism, Temporomandibular Disorders, Parafunctional Habits, Awake Bruxism