Advances in Research on the Impact of Land Use/Cover Changes on Watershed Hydrological Processes

Land use and land cover (LULC) changes have profound effects on watershed hydrological processes, influencing water availability, water quality, flood risks, and ecosystem services. Understanding these impacts is crucial for sustainable watershed management, particularly in the context of climate change and increasing anthropogenic pressures. This review synthesizes recent advancements in research on how land use and cover changes affect hydrological processes at the watershed scale. Specifically, we examine the mechanisms by which urbanization, deforestation, agricultural expansion, and other land-use activities alter runoff, infiltration, evapotranspiration, and groundwater recharge. Additionally, we explore the use of remote sensing, hydrological models, and spatial analysis in assessing the impacts of LULC changes. Finally, we provide recommendations for future research directions and management practices to mitigate negative impacts on watershed hydrology.