Digital Transformation in Banking: Behavioral and Technological Factors in Indonesia

This study investigates the behavioral and technological factors influencing non-users’ intention to adopt digital banking in Indonesia, utilizing the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). Key constructs analyzed include Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PEU), Social Influence (SI), Facilitating Conditions (FC), Perceived Risk (PR), Perceived Trust (PT), and Perceived Security (PS). Despite the widespread use of TAM and UTAUT, this research addresses a significant gap by integrating trust-sensitive factors (PR, PT, and PS), which are crucial for understanding adoption in emerging markets. Data from 277 non-users were collected via a structured survey and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results reveal that PU, SI, FC, PR, and PS significantly influence Behavioral Intention (BI), while PEU and PT exhibit non-significant effects. This finding reflects a shift in user priorities from usability and generalized trust to tangible factors like security and infrastructure reliability. By refining these established frameworks, this study provides actionable insights for advancing digital banking adoption, particularly in Indonesia and other trust-sensitive emerging markets. Practical recommendations for policymakers and financial institutions focus on enhancing security, improving digital literacy, and bridging infrastructural gaps.