Analysis and mitigation of power consumption in a massive mimo-based 5g system using convex optimization techniques

With the rapid expansion of fifth-generation (5G) networks, optimizing the power consumption of wireless communication systems has become a crucial concern. Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (Massive MIMO) is a key technology for 5G systems, offering significant improvements in spectral efficiency and coverage. However, the increase in the number of antennas leads to higher power consumption, which can impact the sustainability of 5G deployments. This study aims to analyze and mitigate the power consumption in Massive MIMO-based 5G systems using Convex Optimization techniques. The primary objective is to propose an optimization framework that minimizes power consumption without compromising performance metrics such as throughput and signal quality. The proposed optimization framework is formulated as a convex optimization problem, where the goal is to minimize the total power consumption subject to constraints on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and total power. The optimization process utilizes the Interior-Point Method, a well-established gradient-based algorithm suitable for solving large-scale convex problems. The system model is simulated using MATLAB, and results are compared across three power allocation strategies: Convex Optimization, Fixed Power Allocation, and Greedy Algorithm. Performance metrics such as total power consumption, throughput, and energy efficiency are evaluated. The results indicate that Convex Optimization significantly reduces power consumption while improving throughput compared to the other methods. The optimization method led to a 21% reduction in power consumption compared to Fixed Power Allocation and a small but statistically insignificant improvement over the Greedy Algorithm. Moreover, Convex Optimization outperforms the other methods in terms of throughput, delivering higher data rates with lower power usage. The findings suggest that Convex Optimization can be a practical solution for reducing power consumption in 5G Massive MIMO systems while maintaining high performance.