CHANGES IN THE CYTOLOGICAL PICTURE IN LONG-TERM NON-HEALING WOUNDS

The physiological process of wound healing includes four stages: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and maturation, the correct and coordinated work of which ensures a strict staged regenerative process. However, when wounds do not go through this organized process, their healing is delayed, and this eventually leads to chronic or long-term non-healing wounds. Common signs of long-term non-healing wounds are exudation, reinfection, tissue necrosis, defective re-epithelialization, decreased angiogenesis and excessive production of reactive oxygen species. In general, chronic wounds can be divided into three main categories: diabetic foot ulcers, vascular ulcers, and pressure ulcers. They are usually observed in elderly people suffering from pathological conditions such as diabetes mellitus, vascular diseases and obesity.