Interplay Between Ankle and Knee - A Biomechanical and Clinical Perspective

The dynamic interplay between ankle and knee joints is fundamental to lower limb biomechanics by ensuring stability, mobility and functional efficiency while moving. Due to the connection of the lower extremity kinetic chain, disturbance in one joint always affects the other. In this review, the biomechanical link between the ankle and knee is looked at. It emphasizes the role of limited ankle dorsiflexion and subtalar joint pronation, forcing compensatory strategies at the knee that manifest as valgus stress or rotation and misalignment, despite the initial adaptive nature of these compensatory mechanisms, these cumulative abnormalities lead to a long-term change in gait and an increased generalized risk of patellofemoral pain syndrome and osteoarthritis. Current interventions, including manual therapy, orthotics and therapeutic exercise strategies are considered. The current review underlines how the relationship between the ankle and knee both need to be considered in assessment and treatment.