Outcomes of ultrasound-guided vacuum-assisted excision of breast lesions: A single-center study

This study aims to present ultrasound-guided vacuum-assisted excision (UGVAE) as an alternative therapeutic approach for benign breast lesions. In addition, it evaluates the procedure’s performance, associated complications, and clinical outcomes. This single-center, retrospective cohort study, approved by the Institutional Review Board, included 67 female patients who underwent UGVAE for breast lesions using 7 – 10 G needles. The study analyzed various parameters, including patient demographics, imaging features, and follow-up findings. Indications for UGVAE included patient preference, pain, palpable lump, nipple discharge, discordant biopsy results, and interval increase in breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS) 3 lesions. Lesion size, shape, echogenicity, and location were assessed through ultrasound and mammography. UGVAE was performed by two experienced radiologists, and post-procedure complications were documented. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and descriptive statistical methods. The mean age of the study population was 41.8 ± 14 years, and the mean lesion size was 1.7 ± 0.85 cm. A previous biopsy of the lesion was recorded in 19.4% of cases, and 7.5% of the patients had a history of breast cancer. The indications for UGVAE included patient preference (22.4%), pain (16.4%), palpable lump (14.9%), and an interval increase in BI-RADS 3 lesions (17.9%). Abnormal mammographic findings were reported in 95.1% of cases. Sonographic features predominantly included circumscribed (94%) and oval (73.1%) lesions. Complete excision was achieved in 80.6% of cases, and hematoma occurred in 13.4% of patients as a post-procedure complication. Histopathological results confirmed all lesions as benign, with fibroadenoma being the most common diagnosis (50.7%). Follow-up imaging showed no significant residual lesion in 46.3% of patients. UGVAE is considered a cost-effective, minimally invasive, and safe alternative to surgical excision for benign breast lesions.