Enhancing Photovoltaic Efficiency in MASnBr₃-based PSCs through Defect Density Variation

Recently, In recent times, there has been a significant surge in interest in PSCs that are based on MASnBr3 (methylammonium tin bromide). This is primarily due to the potential for exceptional performance and cost-effectiveness, lead-free and manufacture. This study utilizes a SCAPS-based device to simulate photovoltaic cells based on MASnBr3. This research examines the energy efficiency of perovskite photovoltaic (PV) cells by controlling the number of defects (Nt) in the absorption layer, which varies from 10<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> to 10<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15</sup> cm<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup>. In summary, the results indicate that reducing the value of Nt in PSCs based on MASnBr3 improves photovoltaic characteristics. At the lowest defect level of 10<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> cm<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup>, the PV metrics showed significant improvement. These enhancements included a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 31.2%, a voltage open circuit (VOC) of 1.12 V, a fill factor (FF) of roughly 85.8%, and a short circuit current density (JSC) of around 32.5 mA/cm<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup>. PSCs with MASnBr3 as an active layer are selected for the development of solar cells because they can address environmental issues linked to lead-based alternatives. These technologies provide similar levels of energy conversion efficiency while also resolving concerns related to toxicity, therefore making them environmentally friendly and ecologically benign. Furthermore, their capacity to remain stable under different situations improves their long-term performance and durability, which is essential for solar energy uses. Investigators desire to enhance the performance of solar cells by using MASnBr3 based perovskite, with the goal of boosting the wider acceptance of renewable energy solutions while maintaining high efficiency and dependability, therefore contributing to a more environmentally friendly and secure future.