Legal mechanisms for citizen participation in decision-making in the field of solid waste management

The aim of this study is to analyze the legal mechanisms for citizen participation in decision-making in the field of municipal solid waste (MSW) management in Kazakhstan, identify legal barriers, and develop proposals for their elimination. The increasing volume of waste, low recycling rates, and environmental risks require a comprehensive legislative approach to strengthening public engagement. The research methodology includes a comparative legal analysis of international experience (EU, USA, Japan, South Korea), an examination of national legislation, and a content analysis of publications addressing the legal regulation of public participation in waste management. The study identifies key challenges that hinder citizen involvement, such as deficiencies in legislation, the formal nature of public hearings, limited access to environmental information, weak digital infrastructure, and the lack of citizen incentive mechanisms. The research findings have led to recommendations for improving legal regulation, increasing transparency in decision-making, introducing a system of incentives for citizens, and digitalizing interaction processes. Integrating effective legal mechanisms for public oversight into waste management is crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of Kazakhstan’s environmental policy. Civic engagement supports the implementation of sustainable development principles, strengthens environmental responsibility, and improves the waste management system.